|
Logistics is the management of the flow of things between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet requirements of customers or corporations. The resources managed in logistics can include physical items, such as food, materials, animals, equipment and liquids, as well as abstract items, such as time and information. The logistics of physical items usually involves the integration of information flow, material handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, warehousing, and often security. The complexity of logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized, and optimized by dedicated simulation software. The minimization of the use of resources is a common motivation in all logistics fields. ==Origins and definition== The prevalent view is that the term ''logistics'' comes from the late 19th century: from French ''logistique'' (''loger'' means ''to lodge''). Others attribute a Greek origin to the word: λόγος, meaning reason or speech; λογιστικός, meaning accountant or responsible for counting.〔J.Tepic, I.Tanackov, S.Gordan, ANCIENT LOGISTICS – HISTORICAL TIMELINE AND ETYMOLOGY, Technical Gazette 18, 2011 http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67363071/ancient-logistics-historical-timeline-etymology〕 The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines logistics as "the branch of military science relating to procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities." However, the ''New Oxford American Dictionary'' defines logistics as "the detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies," and the Oxford Dictionary on-line defines it as "the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation."〔Oxford Dictionaries (). Retrieved 21 February 2012.〕 As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering that creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems." According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (previously the Council of Logistics Management 〔Material Handling & Logistics News http://mhlnews.com/global-supply-chain/council-logistics-management-become-council-supply-chain-management-professional〕) logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective transportation and storage of goods including services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements and includes inbound, outbound, internal and external movements. 〔CSCMP glossary http://cscmp.org/sites/default/files/user_uploads/resources/downloads/glossary-2013.pdf〕 Academics and practitioners traditionally refer to the terms operations or production management when referring to physical transformations taking place in a single business location (factory, restaurant or even bank clerking) and reserve the term logistics for activities related to distribution, that is, moving products on the territory. Managing a distribution center is seen, therefore, as pertaining to the realm of logistics since, while in theory the products made by a factory are ready for consumption they still need to be moved along the distribution network according to some logic, and the distribution center aggregates and processes orders coming from different areas of the territory. That being said, from a modeling perspective, there are similarities between operations management and logistics, and companies sometimes use hybrid professionals, with for ex. "Director of Operations" or "Logistics Officer" working on similar problems. Furthermore, the term supply chain management originally refers to, among other issues, having a global vision in of both production and logistics from point of origin to point of production.〔V. Misra, M.I. Kahn, U.K. Singh, Supply Chain Management Systems: Architecture, Design and Vision, North American Business Press 2010 http://www.na-businesspress.com/jsis/misraweb.pdf〕 All these terms may suffer from semantic change as a side effect of advertising. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Logistics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|